There are new policies that make it extremely difficult to apply for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border. Learn more.
Je, hifadhi ni nini?
Hifadhi ni aina ya ulinzi ambayo inakuwezesha kukaa Marekani ikiwa umeteswa au kuogopa mateso katika nchi yako ya nyumbani kwa sababu ya rangi, dini, utaifa, uanachama wako katika kikundi fulani cha kijamii, au maoni ya kisiasa.
Unapopewa hifadhi, unaweza:
- Kukaa Marekani kisheria na ulinzi dhidi ya kuwekwa kizuizini na kufukuzwa nchini
- Omba hifadhi kwa mwenzi na watoto wako
- Kustahili moja kwa moja kupata kibali cha kufanya kazi nchini Marekani
- Apply for a Social Security card, travel documents, a Green Card, and citizenship
- Kuwa na haki ya kupata huduma za makazi mapya kwa muda fulani, ikiwemo msaada wa kifedha na matibabu, madarasa ya Kiingereza, ajira, na huduma za afya ya akili
Persecution is when you are treated badly because of your race, religion, nationality, social group, or political opinion. This can include harm, threats, regularly being followed or watched, unfair arrest, torture, or being denied basic rights like the freedom to speak or practice your religion. It means you feel unsafe and your life or freedom is in danger if you stay in your country.
Mahitaji ya hifadhi
Unaweza kutafuta hifadhi tu ikiwa:
- Hofu ya mateso katika nchi yako
- Upo nchini Marekani hasa
- Aliwasili Marekani chini ya mwaka mmoja uliopita (isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya misamaha)
- Bado hajapata makazi mapya katika nchi nyingine
- Have not committed certain crimes and are not considered a threat to U.S. safety or security
If you do not meet the above requirements, you may still be eligible for lesser forms of protection, such as Withholding of Removal and protection under the Convention Against Torture. Withholding of Removal can stop you from being deported if you show a judge that it is very likely you would be harmed or tortured in your home country because of your race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or social group. It is different from asylum because it does not lead to a Green Card, and you cannot include your family in your application.
Unaomba hifadhi
You must apply for asylum within one year of arriving in the USA unless you meet an exception. There is a $100 fee to apply. You will also have to pay at least $100 for every year that your application is pending. The steps you take will be different depending on whether you are seeking affirmative asylum, defensive asylum, or have had a positive credible fear screening.
Kuna njia 2 za kupata hifadhi nchini Marekani:
The affirmative process is for people who are not in deportation or removal proceedings. An asylum officer with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reviews and decides affirmative cases.
Defensive asylum – Immigration Court
The defensive process is for people who are in deportation or removal proceedings before an immigration judge with the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR). A judge reviews and decides on defensive cases.
Unaweza kuwekwa katika kesi ya kuondolewa ikiwa:
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) inadai umeingia Marekani bila hati sahihi
- Ushurutishaji wa Uhamiaji na Forodha Marekani (ICE) ilikukamata ndani ya Marekani kwa kutokuwa na hadhi ya kisheria
- Hifadhi yako ya uthibitisho haikuidhinishwa
Ikiwa kesi yako ya kuomba hifadhi haionekani kuwa na mashiko, unaweza kunyimwa hifadhi bila shauri kusikilizwa mara ya mwisho.
Unapaswa kuwa na nyaraka zinazoonyesha uthibitisho wa utambulisho wako na utaifa, picha, tamko la maandishi, na ripoti za hali ya nchi. Utapaswa kutoa tafsiri zilizothibitishwa za nyaraka zozote ambazo haziko kwa Kiingereza.
New policy directs courts not to accept an affirmative asylum application referred by USCIS unless it includes all required supporting documents. If anything is missing, your application could be rejected or delayed, so make sure to provide all necessary evidence upfront.
Utawala mpya umefanya iwe kazi sana kwako kutafuta hifadhi kwenye mpaka wa Marekani na Mexico kwa kufunga vituo rasmi vya kuingia kwa waomba hifadhi. Pia, maafisa wa mpakani wanaweza kukurudisha Mexico papo hapo, bila kukuruhusu kuomba hifadhi. Pata maelezo zaidi
You cannot seek asylum at the U.S.-Canada border if you passed through Canada first, unless you meet an exception. This is called the Safe Third Country rule. This rule requires you to apply for asylum in whichever country you arrive in first (the U.S. or Canada). Find more information about this rule.
Wakati mwingine, unaweza kuomba baada ya kuwa Marekani kwa mwaka mmoja. Ikiwa umechelewa tarehe ya mwisho, lazima utimize masharti makali:
- Mabadiliko ya hali katika nchi yako ya asili
- Shughuli ambazo umehusika ambazo zinabadilisha hofu yako ya mateso
- Hapo awali alikuwa anategemea maombi ya hifadhi ya mtu mwingine ambayo yalikuwa yakisubiri
- Ugonjwa mbaya au ulemavu wa akili au mwili uliathiri uwezo wako wa kuomba ndani ya mwaka mmoja
- Legal disability, such as your status as an unaccompanied child, or if you have suffered from a mental impairment
- Ulishauriwa vibaya na mshauri wako wa kisheria
- Waliopewa parole ya Afghanistani wanaweza kustahiki msamaha kwa tarehe ya mwisho ya mwaka 1 ya kuwasilisha
The asylum process is complex. Free and low-cost lawyers can help you complete your application and prepare for your interview or hearing. Review your options and get support.
Mchakato wa hifadhi ya uthibitisho
Lazima uwe Marekani au kwenye lango la kuingia ili kuomba hifadhi. Lango la kuingia linaweza kuwa uwanja wa ndege, bandari, au kuvuka mpaka. Ikiwa hauko katika kesi za kuondolewa, unaweza kuomba hifadhi ya uthibitisho moja kwa moja na U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
You need to fill out and submit Form I-589. Be sure to use the latest edition of the form, edition 01/20/2025. If you do not use the correct form, USCIS will not accept your application.
If you are filing a new asylum application to USCIS, you can apply online and pay the initial filing fee at the end of the application. If you are filing by mail, complete Form G-1450 and include the form in the same envelope.
If you applied for asylum at least one year ago to USCIS, you may be able to pay the annual $100 fee on this USCIS payment website. USCIS may send you a notice instructing you to pay this fee within 30 days.
Unaweza kumuorodhesha mume, mke, au watoto wako wasiooa/wasioolewa wenye miaka chini 21 kama tegemezi kwenye maombi yako ikiwa wako Marekani. Watapata uamuzi sawa katika kesi ya hifadhi kama wewe.
Pia, wanaweza kutuma maombi tofauti ikiwa wameteswa au wanaogopa mateso. Wakili anaweza kukusaidia kuamua ipi ni bora zaidi. Watoto wenye umri wa zaidi miaka 21 au watoto waliooa/walioolewa lazima wawasilishe maombi tofauti ya hifadhi.
- Afisa hifadhi na USCIS atapitia maombi yako na kukutumia taarifa ya kupokelewa.
- Kwa sasa kuna ucheleweshaji katika utoaji wa risiti. Kwa madhumuni ya makataa ya mwaka mmoja ya kuwasilisha maombi, vipaumbele vya kupanga mahojiano ya hifadhi ya wazi, na kustahiki kupata Hati ya Idhini ya Ajira, tarehe yako ya kuwasilisha bado itakuwa tarehe ambayo USCIS ilipokea Fomu yako I-589.
- You will receive a fingerprinting appointment notice from your local Application Support Center (ASC).
- Utapokea notisi inayopanga mahojiano yako na afisa wa hifadhi katika ofisi ya karibu ya USCIS.
- If your application is still pending after a year, you will need to pay the fee.
Unaweza kuangalia hali ya maombi yako mtandaoni kwa kuandika namba yako ya risiti.
You may ask USCIS to expedite your asylum interview to process it faster if you meet certain requirements, such as serious financial harm.
USCIS inawasaili waombaji wapya kwanza na kurudi kushughulikia orodha ya maombi ya zamani. Mpangilio wa ratiba ni:
- Applicants who were originally scheduled for an interview but had to be rescheduled for certain reasons.
- Maombi ambayo yamekuwa yakisubiri uamuzi kwa siku 21 au chini ya hapo.
- Maombi mengine yote ya hifadhi ya uthibitisho huanza na faili mpya na kurudi kushughulikia maombi ya zamani.
Afisa wa hifadhi atapitia maombi yako ya hifadhi na kukuuliza maswali kuhusu hofu yako ya kurudi katika nchi yako ya nyumbani. Mwanasheria anaweza kukusaidia kujiandaa na kuwa kwenye usaili huo. Fahamu unachopaswa kutarajia katika usaili wa hifadhi ya uthibitisho.
Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wa lugha, lazima uje na mkalimani kwenye usaili wako wa kuomba hifadhi. Mkalimani wako lazima awe na umri wa miaka 18 au zaidi. Mkalimani wako lazima mlumbi wa Kiingereza na lugha yako. Mkalimani wako hatakiwi kuwa na kesi ya hifadhi inayosubiri. Wakili wako au mwakilishi aliyeidhinishwa, shahidi, na mtu yeyote anayehusika katika kesi yako hawawezi kutumika kama mkalimani wako.
Sheria inaiongoza USCIS kufanya uamuzi kuhusu kesi za kuomba hifadhi ndani ya siku 180 baada ya kupokea maombi. Wakati mwongozo mpya wa EOIR unatekeleza sheria hii kwa umakini zaidi, msongamano wa mashauri wa sasa bado unaweza kusababisha ucheleweshaji. Kesi nyingi za kuomba hifadhi zinasubiri kushughulikiwa.
USCIS itakujulisha unapoweza kuchukua uamuzi wako katika ofisi ya kuomba hifadhi ambayo ilikuhoji. USCIS inaweza kukutuma uamuzi wako nyumbani kwako ikiwa inachukua muda mrefu kushughulikia madai yako.
Unaposubiri uamuzi, unapaswa:
- Omba kibali cha kazi. If you are a pending asylum seeker, you must wait 150 days before applying.
- Kuepuka kusafiri nje ya Marekani isipokuwa kwa dharura. Ikiwa ni lazima uondoke nchini, utapaswa kuwasilisha Fomu I-131 kwa USCIS ili uweze kuingia tena Marekani. Huenda usiruhusiwe kurudi nchini.
Ikiwa umepokea barua kutoka USCIS ikisema kesi yako imefutwa, wasiliana na mwanasheria wa uhamiaji.
Ndiyo. Kama umenyimwa hifadhi, unaweza kumwomba hakimu apitie uamuzi wako uliotolewa na afisa hifadhi. Hii itakuweka katika mchakato wa hifadhi ya ulinzi mbele ya mahakama ya uhamiaji. Hakimu wa uhamiaji atapitia kesi yako na kutoa uamuzi mpya.
Mchakato wa hifadhi ya ulinzi
Ikiwa uko katika kituo cha kizuizi cha uhamiaji cha Marekani au kesi za kuondolewa, unaweza kuomba hifadhi ya ulinzi kwa hakimu wa uhamiaji. Ikiwa bado hujawasilisha maombi ya hifadhi kwenye faili, lazima ujaze na uwasilishe Fomu I-589.
Ikiwa Fomu yako I-589 haijakamilika au inakosa nyaraka zinazohitajika, haitakubaliwa. Lazima ujibu kila swali, usaini fomu kwa usahihi, na uwasilishe vifaa vyote vinavyohitajika ili viweze kushugulikiwa.
Your case will be a defensive asylum if you:
- umewekwa katika kesi za kuondolewa baada ya USCIS kutokupa hifadhi ya uthibitisho
- walikuwa chini ya kuondolewa kwa haraka, walipatikana kuwa na hofu ya kuaminika, na walitolewa Taarifa ya Kufika Mahakamani
- huwekwa katika kesi za kuondolewa na ICE au CBP kwa ukiukaji wa uhamiaji
Mchakato wa kupata hifadhi ni mgumu sana. Ni muhimu kupitia machaguo yako ya msaada wa kisheria.
If you are filing a new asylum application to immigration court, pay the $100 initial filing fee on this EOIR website and include a receipt showing you paid the fee in your application.
EOIR has not set up a system for paying the $100 annual fee yet.
- Hakimu wa uhamiaji na EOIR atapitia maombi yako na kukutumia taarifa ya kupokelewa.
- Utapokea taarifa ya miadi ya alama za vidole katika Kituo Msaada wa Maombi (ASC) cha eneo lako.
- Utapokea taarifa ya kusikilizwa na hakimu wa uhamiaji kuwasilisha madai yako ya kuomba hifadhi.
You can check the status of your court case online or by calling the EOIR hotline at 1-800-898-7180.
- Be sure to go to all of your appointments with ICE and your court hearings with EOIR.
- Ukihama, tuma fomu ya mabadiliko ya anwani kwa ICE na EOIR ndani ya siku 5 baada ya kuhama.
- Carry copies of your paperwork to show you have an asylum application in progress in case ICE stops you.
Kusikilizwa ni pale ambapo hakimu anapokusikiliza kisa chako. Wakili wako na wakili wa ICE watakuuliza maswali. Pia, mashahidi wanaweza kuzungumza kwa niaba yako.
Utapewa mkalimani ikiwa hujui Kiingereza vizuri.
Sheria inawaongoza EOIR kufanya uamuzi kuhusu kesi za kuomba hifadhi ndani ya siku 180 baada ya kupokea maombi. Wakati mwongozo mpya wa EOIR unatekeleza sheria hii kwa umakini zaidi, msongamano wa mashauri wa sasa bado unaweza kusababisha ucheleweshaji. Kesi nyingi za kuomba hifadhi zinasubiri kushughulikiwa.
Hakimu wa uhamiaji atatoa uamuzi wake mwishoni mwa usikilizaji wa mwisho wa kesi yako. Hakimu wa uhamiaji anaweza kuchagua kukutumia uamuzi wa maandishi kwa njia ya posta punde baada ya usikilizaji wa mwisho wa kesi yako.
Ndiyo. Unaweza kukata rufaa ya uamuzi wa hakimu wa uhamiaji kwa mahakama ya juu inayoitwa Bodi ya Rufaa ya Uhamiaji (BIA). Ni lazima uwasilishe Fomu EOIR-26, Notisi ya Rufaa, ndani ya siku 30 tangu tarehe ya uamuzi wako. Wakili wa uhamiaji au mwakilishi aliyeidhinishwa anaweza kukusaidia na hili.
Hatua zinazofuata baada ya kupewa hifadhi
- Pata msaada na huduma za makazi mapya.
- Apply for a Social Security card.
- Pata leseni ya udereva au kitambulisho cha serikali.
- Tafuta kazi. Unaweza kufanyakazi bila kuomba kibali cha kazi au EAD.
- Travel outside the U.S. You must first apply for a travel permit.
- Ask to bring your spouse and unmarried children under 21 years to the U.S. through family reunification.
- Tuma maombi ya Green Card mwaka moja baada ya kupata hifadhi.
- Apply for citizenship 4 years after receiving a Green Card.
Zaidi kutoka USAHello
Je, unatafuta taarifa mahususi?
Taarifa kwenye ukurasa huu inatoka DHS, USCIS, na vyanzo vingine vinavyoaminika. Tunakusudia kutoa taarifa rahisi kueleweka ambazo zinarekebishwa mara kwa mara. Taarifa hii sio ushauri wa kisheria.